The year 2010 marked the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Mozambique. The new government of Mozambique continued the friendly policy towards China; and the friendship and cooperation between the two countries enjoyed steady growth.

The two countries maintained close high-level contacts. On 25 June, President Hu Jintao, Premier Wen Jiabao and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi exchanged congratulatory messages respectively with President Armando Emilio Guebuza, Prime Minister Aires Bonifacio Baptista Ali and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Oldemiro Baloi, to mark the 35th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In January, Chen Deming, Special Envoy of the Chinese Government and Minister of Commerce, led a delegation to attend the inauguration ceremony of President Guebuza. During his visit, Chen Deming met with President Guebuza, had talks with Finance Minister Manuel Chang and signed the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Mozambique.

In April, President Guebuza and Prime Minister Ali sent messages of condolences to President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao respectively, in the wake of the earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai Province. In June, Prime Minister Ali paid a working visit to China and had talks with Premier Wen Jiabao. The two sides had in-depth exchanges of views on bilateral relations and other issues of shared interest, and reached broad consensus. The two countries signed the Agreement on Economic and Technological Cooperation between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Mozambique. In September, Prime Minister Ali came to Xiamen to attend the World Investment Forum 2010 of UNCTAD and the 14th China International Fair for Investment and Trade, and met with Vice President Xi Jinping. In November, Prime Minister Ali came to China to attend the Third Ministerial Conference of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and the Portuguese-speaking Countries, and met with Premier Wen Jiabao. During the Conference, Minister of Commerce Chen Deming had talks with Minister of Industry and Trade Armando Inroga, signed and exchanged notes on a project of China undertaking to build a China-Africa friendship primary school in Mozambique.

On 25 August, the new Chinese Ambassador to Mozambique Huang Songfu presented his credentials to Mozambican President Guebuza.

Bilateral economic cooperation and trade continued to expand, and the two-way trade maintained relatively fast growth. In 2010, Chen Jian, Vice Minister of Commerce, and Chang Hexi, Secretary-General of Secretariat of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries, led a delegation to visit Mozambique. The new terminal of Maputo airport constructed with assistance from China was inaugurated and went into operation. The 150 units of economic housing constructed with Chinese assistance were transferred to Mozambique. China dispatched the first group of experts on malaria prevention and treatment to Mozambique. The eight new measures put forward at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation were being actively implemented. In February, the two countries signed and exchanged notes on China granting zero-tariff treatment to 60% of the goods imported from Mozambique.

The friendly exchanges and cooperation between the two countries in other fields were dynamic. Hua Jianhui, Vice Governor of Anhui Province, Jia Ting'an, Deputy Director of the PLA General Political Department, Li Xiansheng, Executive Vice Governor of Hubei Province, and Ai Ping, Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee respectively led delegations to visit Mozambique. Minister of Culture Armando Artur Joao, as the representative of Mozambique, attended the activities of the National Pavilion Day of Mozambique at the Shanghai World Expo. Fernando Sumbana Junior, Minister of Tourism, Zeferino de Alexandre Martins, Minister of Education, Maria Helena Taipo, Minister of Labor, Maria Benvinda Delfina Levi, Minister of Justice, and Augusto Raul Paulino, Attorney General, visited or attended meetings in China. A group of 26 vice ministers from Mozambique came to China to participate in a seminar, and a study group of senior and medium-level officials from Frelimo Party visited China.