In 2010, the friendly and cooperative relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Rwanda continued to grow in an in-depth manner.

The two governments conducted close exchanges. In August and September, President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao sent letters of congratulations to President Paul Kagame and Prime Minister Bernard Makuza respectively on their assumption of office. In January, Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun visited Rwanda. He met with President Paul Kagame and held talks with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Louise Mushikiwabo. In April, President Kagame sent a letter of condolences to President Hu Jintao on the earthquake in Yushu, Qinghai Province. In July, Prime Minister Makuza came to China to attend the National Pavilion Day of Rwanda at the Shanghai Expo. In August, Minister of the East African Community Monique Mukaruliza attended the China-Africa Forum on Agricultural Cooperation in China and met with Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee Ai Ping. In October, Minister of Defense James Kabarebe visited China. He met with CPPCC Vice Chairman Li Zhaozhuo and held talks with State Councilor and Minister of Defense General Liang Guanglie.

There were frequent mutual visits between political parties and parliamentarians. In March, Secretary General of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee Gao Shiqi led a friendly CPC delegation to Rwanda. He met with President Kagame and held talks with General Secretary of the ruling party Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) François Ngarambe. In October, General Secretary Ngarambe led an RPF delegation to China. He met with Member of the Political Bureau, Member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee Liu Yunshan and held talks with Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee Ai Ping. In December, President of the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs Valens Munyabagisha led a delegation to China. He held talks with Vice Chairman Nan Zhenzhong of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the NPC and met with Vice Foreign Minister Zhai Jun.

Economic cooperation and trade achieved positive progress. Projects related to Rwanda under the eight measures announced at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation were smoothly implemented. The implementation of the eight new measures announced at the Fourth Ministerial Conference of FOCAC started in Rwanda. The upgrading and renovation of roads in Kigali city with Chinese preferential loans was soon to be completed.

Steady progress was made in cooperation in the cultural fields. In March, Minister of Sports and Culture Joseph Habineza visited China. He met with Minister of Culture Cai Wu. In June, the National Ballet of Rwanda came to China for the "African Cultures in Focus 2010". In July, Sichuan Provincial Art Troupe participated in the 7th Pan African Dance Festival in Rwanda. In August, Counselor of the State Council, former Vice Minister of Science and Technology Liu Yanhua visited Rwanda to check on the progress of project of the Confucius Institute.