In 2010, relations between the People's Republic of China and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay enjoyed sustained and steady development.

The two countries maintained contacts at various levels. In March, Minister of Water Resources Chen Lei, as Special Envoy of the Chinese government, attended the inauguration ceremony of President José Alberto Mujica Cordano of Uruguay. In August, Danilo Astori, Vice President of Uruguay, President of the Chamber of Senators and President of the General Assembly of Uruguay paid an official visit to China and attended the activities of Uruguay's National Pavilion Day at the Shanghai World Expo. NPC Chairman Wu Bangguo met with him and Vice President Xi Jinping held talks with him. He also attended the signing ceremony of the Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay. In September, Uruguay's new ambassador to China Rosario Portell Casanova presented the letter of credence to President Hu Jintao. In November, China's new ambassador to Uruguay Qu Shengwu presented the letter of credence to President José Alberto Mujica Cordano.

In the wake of the severe earthquakes in Yushu, Qinghai, President José Alberto Mujica Cordano and Foreign Minister Luis Almagro sent messages of sympathy to President Hu Jintao and Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi respectively.

Bilateral exchanges and cooperation between parliaments, political parties and local governments and in the cultural and other fields deepened. In January, President of the House of Representatives Roque Arrequi paid a visit to China and met with NPC Chairman Wu Bangguo. In June, Executive Deputy Secretary of the Work Committee for Offices Directly under the CPC Central Committee Sun Gan led a CPC delegation to visit Uruguay. In October, Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Beijing People's Congress Zhao Fengshan and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Anhui People's Congress Zhu Xianfa visited Uruguay. In November, a delegation of young cadres of the Broad Front (Frente Amplio) of Uruguay visited China. Uruguay actively participated in the Shanghai World Expo.

The two countries maintained rapid growth of economic cooperation and trade. Bilateral trade grew substantially. China became Uruguay's second largest trading partner and remained the top buyer of Uruguay's wool. Positive progress was made in the financial cooperation between the China Development Bank and Uruguay. China continued to provide economic and technical assistance to Uruguay according to its ability.