In 2010, the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam continued to advance their comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation, and celebrated the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations and the China-Vietnam Friendship Year.

The two countries had frequent high-level exchanges. In October, Premier Wen Jiabao attended a series of meetings of East Asian leaders in Hanoi and met with General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) Nong Duc Manh and Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung. In August, Li Yuanchao, Member of the Political Bureau and the Secretariat and Minister of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, attended the China-Vietnam youth gala in Guangxi with Ho Duc Viet, Member of the Political Bureau of the CPV Central Committee, Member of the Secretariat of the CPV Central Committee and Minister of the Organization Department of the CPV Central Committee. NPC Vice Chairman Han Qide and Vice Chairwoman Yan Junqi visited Vietnam in February and March respectively. In May, CPPCC Vice Chairwoman Wang Zhizhen attended the World Economic Forum on East Asia in Vietnam upon invitation. In July, Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi attended the foreign ministers' meeting of the ASEAN Regional Forum. In April, Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung came to China to attend the opening ceremony of the Shanghai World Expo and visited Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In May, Vice President Nguyen Thi Duyen attended the Global Summit of Women in Beijing. In July, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Pham Gia Khiem attended the fourth meeting of the China-Vietnam Steering Committee on Cooperation. In November, Deputy Prime Minister Truong Vinh Trong came to China to attend the seventh China-ASEAN Expo, the eleventh Western China International Fair and the opening ceremony of the Guangzhou Asian Games. In May, Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Thien Nhan visited Guangxi.

The two countries made positive progress in boundary negotiations. Land border demarcation documents between the two countries, including the China-Vietnam Land Border Demarcation Protocol and its appendix map, the China-Vietnam Land Border Management System Agreement and the China-Vietnam Land Border Port and Management System Agreement, took effect in July, 2010. The two sides held several rounds of negotiations on the agreement on basic principles guiding the settlement of maritime issues. The two countries held the seventh annual meeting of the joint committee on Beibu Gulf fishery cooperation.

Bilateral business cooperation grew rapidly. China had been Vietnam's largest trading partner for seven years in a row. Large cooperation projects made headways to varying degrees.

China and Vietnam enjoyed ever-deepening exchanges in other areas and between localities. The Communist Party of China and the Communist Party of Vietnam held the sixth Theory Symposium and the first vice-ministerial consultation on defense and security. Cooperation in culture and education further strengthened. Non-governmental exchanges became closer. The two sides held the first and second sessions of the China-Vietnam People's Forum and the Grand Friendship Gala between Chinese and Vietnamese People.

The Vietnamese government provided relief supplies to China in the wake of the Yushu earthquake and Zhouqu mudslide.