On August 14, 2008, the ceremony for the exchange of instrument of ratification for the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Good-neighborly Relations between China and Afghanistan was held in Beijing. Hu Zhengyue, assistant minister of foreign affairs of China, and Afghan Ambassador to China Eklil Ahmad Hakimi signed the certificate for the exchange of the instrument of ratification as representatives of their respective governments.

The treaty was jointly signed by Chinese President Hu Jintao and Afghan President Hamid Karzai in Beijing on June 19, 2006. The Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress and Afghan National Assembly finished the discussions and ratified the treaty in succession. The exchange of instrument symbolized that the two countries have finished their domestic legislative process. The treaty came into force from August 14, 2008.